This cluster-randomised controlled trial will evaluate the effects of two internationally recognised shoulder injury prevention programmes - the Swedish Shoulder Control programme and the Norwegian Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Shoulder Injury Prevention programme - on shoulder function, scapular control, and injury incidence in Hungarian adolescent handball players (U16-U20). Six elite-level teams (3 male, 3 female) from a single handball academy will be randomised by cluster into two intervention arms for an 18-week intervention period. Primary outcomes are changes in objective shoulder function tests; secondary outcomes include self-reported function and weekly injury monitoring.
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Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) - classification during flexion and abduction
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
Change in Y Balance Test - Upper Quarter (composite reach, % limb length)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
Shoulder proprioception error in external and internal rotation (absolute error, degrees)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
OSTRC-O Shoulder Module severity score (0-100)
Timeframe: Weekly for 18 Weeks