Efficacy and Safety of Berberine for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Inclusion Criteria: * patients aged from 18 to 75 years old. * patients with OLGIM stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathological examination within the last 3 months. * patients without Helicobacter pylori infection, including patients who had successful Helicobacter pylori eradication before enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: * a history of regular use (defined as at least once per week) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or statins/or Metformin. * a history of stomach surgery (including endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection) or previously diagnosed malignant tumor. * a history of heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatic failure; patients with contraindications or allergies to the drugs in this study. * breastfeeding or pregnancy. * a history of substance abuse or alcohol abuse within the past one year. * patients with severe mental illness. * refusal to undergo drug treatment. * refusal to sign informed consent.