The Effect of Couples' Participation in Childbirth Preparation Education on Pregnant Women's Perceived Spousal Support, Fear of Childbirth, and Self-Efficacy

Inclusion Criteria: * Having applied to the specified institution within the study period * Willingness to participate in the study * Having at least a primary school education * Pregnant women over the age of 18 * Being over the 20th week of pregnancy * Having given birth vaginally at least once (for the multiparous group) * Having a singleton pregnancy Exclusion Criteria: * Those who do not consent to participate in the study * Pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 20 weeks * Individuals with communication impairments * Individuals with sensory-perceptual disorders * Individuals with any psychiatric illness * Pregnant women under the age of 18 * Pregnant women who have not completed at least primary school education.