Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from a deficiency or insufficiency of insulin. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), a late complication of diabetes, develop as a result of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and trauma, negatively impacting individuals' quality of life and increasing the rate of hospitalization and amputation. While sharp debridement, one of the most effective methods in the management of diabetic foot ulcers, accelerates healing, it often causes pain and anxiety, which negatively impacts the treatment process. The physiological effects of anxiety include increased respiratory and heart rates, increased blood pressure, and prolonged procedure times. These effects can reduce patient compliance and complicate nursing care. Non-pharmacological interventions offer important alternatives for pain and anxiety management. One such method, the use of a stress ball, is based on a distraction technique and is used to reduce individuals' emotional and physiological stress levels. The literature has demonstrated the positive effects of stress balls during endoscopy, biopsy, and skin procedures. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the use of stress balls during sharp debridement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress balls on pain, distress, and physiological parameters during surgical debridement in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. The results of this study are expected to contribute to nursing care.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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Pain assessment
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Anxiety Assesment (The Distress Thermometer)
Timeframe: Before the Procedure and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Physiological Parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate)
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Physiological Parameter: heart rate
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Physiological Parameters: systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Physiological Parameter: oxygen saturation
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes
Physiological Parameter: respiratory rate
Timeframe: Before the Procedure, during the Procedure (10th minute), and baseline, after an average of 20-30 minutes