This prospective, single-center, observational study aims to evaluate changes in the frontal QRS axis on ECG before and after spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The primary objective is to determine whether spinal anesthesia causes a significant alteration in the frontal QRS axis. A total of 80 patients will be enrolled, and preoperative and postoperative ECG measurements will be compared using paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test depending on data distribution.
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Change in Frontal QRS Axis After Spinal Anesthesia
Timeframe: From 2 hours before to 2 hours after surgery