The goal of this interventional study is to evaluate the long-term benefits of eccentric (ECC) cycling exercise on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the effects of ECC cycling compared to concentric (CON) cycling on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and QoL in patients with T2DM? * What are the differential effects of moderate- and high-intensity ECC cycling compared to CON cycling on physiological responses, exercise capacity, and QoL in patients with T2DM? Researchers will compare moderate- and high-intensity ECC cycling to CON cycling (conventional cycling) to see if ECC cycling can be a viable alternative or complement to existing exercise protocols for managing T2DM. Participants will: * Undergo pre-, mid-, and post-intervention assessment * Perform either moderate- or high-intensity ECC cycling or moderate intensity CON cycling according to group randomisation by the researcher. * Start with two familiarisation sessions prior to the actual cycling training. * Perform cycling exercise twice per week for 10 weeks.
Age range
30 Years – 60 Years
Sex
MALE
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Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C)
Timeframe: Baseline and post-intervention at 10 weeks
Lipid profile
Timeframe: Baseline and post-intervention at 10 weeks
Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)
Timeframe: Baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), and post-intervention (10 weeks).
Exercise capacity
Timeframe: Baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), and post-intervention (10 weeks)
13-item Revised Version of Diabetes Quality of Life (RV-DQOL13)
Timeframe: Baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), and post-intervention (10 weeks)
Short Form-12 (SF-12) health survey
Timeframe: Baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), and post-intervention (10 weeks)