Spinal anesthesia is the most widely employed procedure for lower limb orthopedic operations, as it is very cost-effective and simple to apply. These advantages could be restricted because presently existing local anesthetic drugs had relatively short length of action. (1) Spinal anesthesia with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine (hyperbaric) is a common technique, still there was burden of its short duration of action. To overcome this issue, there was a continuous search for an ideal adjuvant.(2) Adjuvants were mostly added to local anesthetic drugs to increase their effectiveness, speedy onset, increase the period of the block, and reduce the local anesthetics dosage, thus reduction their adverse effects.(3) Such adjuvants had been beneficial in extension of analgesia along with initiation of movement though their related side effects.(4)
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to evaluate duration of motor block of using intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Timeframe: 7 hour
evaluate onset of motor block of using intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Timeframe: 10 minutes
to evaluate non invasive mean blood pressure using intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Timeframe: 90 minutes
to evaluate the heart rate using intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Timeframe: 90 minutes