Hydrocelectomies in Male Donors

Donors: We will include male individuals who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in Alberta, Canada, between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2020. * Individuals with data record errors (e.g., missing or invalid age, sex, or date of birth), who are less than 18 years of age or greater than 105 years of age, who have a death record on or before the date of nephrectomy, or have a date of last contact \<4 months after cohort entry (i.e., they don't live permanently in the province), will be excluded. * Those with evidence of prior dialysis or a previous solid organ transplant will be excluded. * Individuals who have no physician visits within the last year will be excluded. * Individuals who, prior to donation, underwent a scrotal ultrasound or a scrotal procedure, other than a vasectomy or inguinal hernia repair, will be excluded. * We will exclude those who had an open nephrectomy, focusing on those who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Non-donors: Before nephrectomy, living donors undergo rigorous health screening, thus. we will select a similarly healthy cohort of the general population using restriction and matching. We will randomly assign a cohort-entry date (simulated nephrectomy date) to all male persons who were citizens in Alberta, according to the distribution of cohort-entry dates among donors (April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2020). To emulate the health status of living donors, we will further restrict the sample to exclude individuals with medical conditions that wou…