This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill composites with conventionally layered incremental composites in Class I cavities using modified USPHS criteria. Fifty patients were selected based on sample size calculations. Each patient received two restorations, one from each group. Group I received incremental layering composite restorations, while Group II received bulk-fill composite restorations. Group I restorations were placed on the right side, and Group II restorations were placed on the left side. A single trained operator placed all restorations. After one year, the restorations were evaluated using modified USPHS criteria. Periapical radiographs were taken, and postoperative sensitivity was assessed using cold testing (ethyl chloride spray), with pain responses recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale.
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Postoperative senstivity
Timeframe: One year