Evaluation of Pulpal Biomarkers in Vital Pulp Therapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Permanent teeth diagnosed with reversible pulpitis * Patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis but without apical radiolucency * Teeth showing a normal response to cold testing (carbon dioxide snow) * Teeth with irreversible pulpitis demonstrating prolonged response to cold testing * Teeth with no sensitivity to percussion or chewing * In teeth with exposed pulp tissue, bleeding time less than 5 minutes * In irreversible pulpitis cases, bleeding time less than 10 minutes * No widening of the periodontal ligament space (periapical index \[PAI\] ≤ 2) * Radiographic evidence of deep dentinal caries Exclusion Criteria: * Teeth with a negative response to cold testing (carbon dioxide snow) * Presence of apical radiolucency (PAI \> 2) * Condensed apical periodontitis * Internal or external root resorption * History of dental trauma * Longitudinal root fracture * Presence of periodontal-endodontic lesions on the day of treatment * Functional loss (e.g., Grade 3 tooth mobility) * Swelling associated with the treated tooth * Teeth that cannot be treated under rubber dam isolation * Teeth from which less than 2.5 mL of pulpal blood can be collected * Immunocompromised individuals * Pregnant women at the time of treatment * Use of antibiotics, bisphosphonates, or statins within 4 weeks prior to treatment