Smart Pill for Measuring Gut Health in Colon Inflammation and Colon Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: (For all participants:) * Age ≥ 18 years old; * willing and able to provide informed consent; * defaecation pattern: generally at least one defaecation per 48 hours. (For the UC group:) * Diagnosis of UC confirmed by clinical, endoscopic, and/or histological evidence prior to screening as per standard criteria; * moderately to severely active UC determined by intestinal ultrasound (bowel wall thickness (BWT) \> 3 mm), starting treatment or requiring change in treatment due to non-response to their existing treatment; * starting or optimizing treatment for colitis (including aminosalicylates, oral corticosteroids, thiopurines, biologics and small molecules). (For the CRC group:) * Diagnosis of non-obstructing non-locally advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma; * ready/planned for surgery of CRC. Exclusion Criteria: (For all participants:) * Body mass index (BMI) \> 30 kg/m\^2; * known obstruction, stricture or stenosis in the gastrointestinal tract not attributable to current inflammation or tumour, potentially blocking ingestible passage. Determined as per discretion of gastroenterologist/oncologist using standard procedural clinical diagnostic or imaging techniques; * history of complex bowel resection or recent intra-abdominal surgery (\< 3 months); * known abdominal adhesions; * swallowing disorders, including achalasia or oropharyngeal dysfunction; * ongoing infections; * known to be pregnant, lactating or actively trying to get pregnant (self-rep…