Impact of Humid-Heat on Gut-Tryptophan-Stone Pathway

Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criteria for patients with kidney stones * Age\>=18 years; * Diagnosed with kidney stones by ultrasound, CT or urography; * Willing to provide stool samples and serum samples for study; * No history of antimicrobial use in the past 3 months; * Signed and dated informed consent indicating that the patient or his/her legal representative is fully informed of the study-related information and agrees to participate. * Inclusion criteria for the healthy control group * Age\>=18 years; * No history of kidney stones and family history; * Imaging examination (such as abdominal ultrasound) showed no kidney stones; * Willing to provide stool samples and serum samples for research; * No history of antibiotic use in the past 3 months; * Signed and dated informed consent indicating that the volunteer is fully informed about the study-related information and agrees to participate. Exclusion Criteria: * Use of antimicrobials or probiotics within the past 3 months; * Presence of active urinary tract infection; * Presence of other serious systemic diseases, such as hepatic or renal insufficiency, cardiac or pulmonary diseases, malignant tumors, and immunodeficiency states; * Congenital urinary tract abnormalities; * Previous history of kidney transplantation or urinary diversion surgery; * Pregnant or lactating women; * Presence of chronic intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.; * Inabi…