The goal of this observational study is to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between physical activity and brain health from a multiscale approach (neuropsychology, neuroimaging, peripheral biomarkers and genetics) in former athletes and sedentary individuals. The main question it aims to answer is: Do former athletes have better brain structure than sedentary people? Evaluating the differences in neurodegenerative processes between competitive training and sedentary and inactivity.
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Concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in plasma (pg/mL)
Timeframe: Baseline
Concentration of total tau protein in plasma (pg/mL)
Timeframe: Baseline
Hippocampal volume measured by high-resolution 3 T T1-weighted MRI (mm³)
Timeframe: Baseline
Resting-state functional connectivity between primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area measured by 3 T fMRI (Fisher-Z)
Timeframe: Baseline
Digit Span Forward maximum span length (digits)
Timeframe: Baseline
Trail Making Test Part A completion time (seconds)
Timeframe: Baseline
Digit Span Backward maximum span length (digits)
Timeframe: Baseline
Trail Making Test Part B completion time (seconds)
Timeframe: Baseline
Verbal fluency (F-A-S) total words in 60 s (count)
Timeframe: Baseline
Stroop Color-Word interference score (seconds)
Timeframe: Baseline
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score (0 - 30 points)
Timeframe: Baseline
Number of participants carrying at least one APOE ε4 allele (count of participants)
Timeframe: Baseline