Massage Based on the Human Caring Model in Epilepsy

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 18 and 65 years, * Diagnosed with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures or Focal Epilepsy, * Able to speak and understand Turkish, * Conscious and alert, * Able to communicate verbally, * No history of neck trauma, * No cervical disc herniation, * No severe headaches or migraines, * Not diagnosed with cancer, * No neurological and/or psychiatric disorders affecting cognitive function, * No acute (recently developed) health issues (e.g., heart attack, fainting), * No uncontrolled high blood pressure, * No use of analgesic medications in the past 24 hours, * No contraindications to massage therapy (e.g., advanced COPD, asthma, heart or kidney failure, malignant conditions, febrile illnesses, or pregnancy), * No skin issues (rash, redness, lesions, heat increase, swelling, edema, bone abnormalities, or localized infections) in the area where massage is to be applied. Exclusion Criteria * Declining to continue participation in the study, * Experiencing pain during massage application, * Changes in the pharmacological treatment regimen, * Failing to attend massage sessions, * Development of undesirable effects (e.g., bruising or discoloration) in the massage area, which leads to termination of sessions.