Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Scalp Block Versus Bupivacaine Alone for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy

Inclusion Criteria: * Age from 18 to 65 years. * Both sexes. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II. * Undergoing supratentorial elective planned craniotomies. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients refusal. * History of known allergy to the used local anesthetic or dexmedetomidine. * Bleeding disorders. * Evidence of local infection at the site of injection. * Emergency craniotomy. * Psychotic disorder. * Patients who will not be extubated in the operating room after surgery.