Puncto-canalicular abnormalities, such as obstruction and canaliculitis, are a significant cause of epiphora. They involve proximal lacrimal drainage system. Proximal lacrimal obstructions classified into punctal stenosis canalicular obstructions. The basic principles in the treatment of punctal stenosis include creating an adequate opening, while maintaining the position of the punctum against the lacrimal lake, and preserving the lacrimal pump function. The severity of epiphora can be valued trough a grading system such as the Munk scale, fluorescein dye disappearance test, and syringing and probing and contrast dacryocystography. Canaliculitis is defined as infection of the proximal part of the lacrimal drainage system. This condition can be caused by primary infectious organisms or secondary to punctal plugs and lacrimal stents. Diagnosing canaliculitis is frequently misdiagnosed. The management includes conservative measures, local massage, syringing, and irrigation. Nevertheless, refractory cases required surgical intervention.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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Munk scale for epiphora grading (0-5)
Timeframe: 6 months