Oral Sucrosomial® Vitamin B12 in the Management of B12 Deficiency Among Metformin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 75 years. * Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). * Currently on Metformin therapy for at least one year. * Serum vitamin B12 levels below the laboratory reference range (indicating deficiency). * Willing to provide written informed consent. * Able to comply with study procedures and visit schedule. Exclusion Criteria: * Current or prior use of vitamin B12 supplements within the past 3 months. * Diagnosis of pernicious anemia or other causes of vitamin B12 malabsorption (e.g., Crohn's disease, celiac disease). * History of gastric surgery or small intestine resection. * Use of medications known to interfere with vitamin B12 absorption (other than Metformin). * Severe renal impairment (eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) or end-stage renal disease. * Severe hepatic impairment (ALT/AST \> 3 times the upper limit of normal). * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * Known hypersensitivity to vitamin B12 or any component of the study product. * Participation in another clinical trial within the last 30 days.