Efficacy and Safety of Photodynamic Therapy for Cervical and Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Inclusion Criteria: * cervical/vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) confirmed by colposcopy and pathological biopsy (CIN2 /CIN3 and/or VaIN2/ VaIN3) or persistent CIN1/VaIN1 lasting for more than one year with a strong willingness to treat; * colposcopy was adequate, and analysable colposcopy images were retained; * endocervical curettage (ECC) did not suggest higher-grade lesions. Exclusion Criteria: * coexistence or suspicion of cancer; * porphyria or suspected allergies to red and blue light; * severe medical comorbidities；