The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the effect of two types of cognitive remediation training on real-world behavioral outcomes including substance use, institutional adjustment, and recidivism following release from prison. Each training type is designed to target one of two subtypes of antisocial criminal offenders, who are characterized by either: 1) Attention to context-based deficits, or 2) Affective cognitive control-based deficits. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does matching deficit type with targeted cognitive training improve outcomes (relative to mismatched training)? What are the functional brain mechanisms that underlie treatment change? Participants will: Be assigned to cognitive training that either does or does not match their deficit type. Complete six one-hour sessions of cognitive skills training. Complete pre and post-training behavioral tasks assessing self-regulation deficits. Complete structural MRI scans and functional MRI scans assessing cognitive control. Complete post-treatment follow-up assessments evaluating self-regulation, adjustment, and stressful life events, substance use and recidivism.
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Cognitive task performance - Stroop
Timeframe: From enrollment to end of treatment at six weeks
Cognitive task performance - Lexical Decision Making
Timeframe: From enrollment to end of treatment at six weeks
Cognitive task performance - Delay Discounting
Timeframe: From enrollment to end of treatment at six weeks
Functional MRI - Go/NoGo task performance
Timeframe: Change assessed from enrollment to end of treatment at six weeks
Functional MRI - Go/Nogo brain response
Timeframe: Activity assessed during MRI scan. Change assessed from enrollment to end of treatment at six weeks
Real-World Outcomes - Substance use (TLFB)
Timeframe: From enrollment to six months post-release from incarceration
Real-World Outcomes - Substance use (ASE)
Timeframe: From enrollment to six months post-release from incarceration
Real-World Outcomes - Substance use (DUDIT)
Timeframe: From enrollment to six months post-release from incarceration
Real-World Outcomes - Criminal behavior
Timeframe: From enrollment to six months post-release from incarceration
Risky Impulsive Self-Destructive Behavior
Timeframe: From enrollment to six months post-release from incarceration