Effectiveness of Tai Chi and Acupuncture on Migraine Attack Prevention and Brain White Matter Changes: A Non-Inferiority RCT

Inclusion Criteria: * Chinese women aged 18 years and above; * Diagnosed with episodic migraines, with or without aura, according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3); * Migraine attack frequency ranging from 2 to 14 days per month (≥15 days/month is classified as chronic migraine and is not included in this study); * Assessed by a sports specialist as capable of engaging in moderate physical activity; * Residing in Hong Kong. Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to engage in moderate physical activity; * Comorbid with other neurological disorders; * Experiencing non-migraine headaches for more than 5 days per month; * Previous practice of Tai Chi or other mind-body exercises (such as yoga, biofeedback, meditation, etc.); * Received alternative treatments for migraines (such as acupuncture or Chinese medicine) during the recruitment period or within the past 12 weeks; * Undergoing preventive medication treatment for migraines during the recruitment period or within the past 12 weeks; * Excessive use of medication, taking antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs, or using analgesics for other chronic pain conditions for more than 3 days per month within the past 12 weeks; * Diagnosed with epilepsy or having a mental illness; * Pregnant, breastfeeding, or currently taking contraceptive medication.