This prospective observational cohort study will enroll 300 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing elective noncardiac, non-neurosurgical procedures . Baseline rSVO₂ will be measured preoperatively using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Intraoperative rSVO₂ will be monitored, recording the absolute lowest value and the rate of rSVO₂ decrease (\[baseline - lowest\]/baseline × 100). Postoperative delirium (POD) will be assessed daily for 7 days post-surgery using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Frailty will be assessed using the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, ASA physical status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), hemoglobin, and intraoperative factors, will evaluate rSVO₂ metrics as predictors of POD. Linear regression will assess factors influencing the rate of rSVO₂ decrease. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression will analyze associations between POD risk factors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis will compare the predictive accuracy of rSVO₂ metrics.
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Incidence of Postoperative Delirium (POD)
Timeframe: Postoperative Days 1 to 7