This randomized controlled trial enrolled women of advanced maternal age (≥35 years) undergoing ART, who were allocated to an intervention group (oral nicotinamide riboside, NR) or a control group (oral vitamin E, VitE) for a 2-month pre-ART intervention. The study systematically evaluated NR's regulatory effects on ovarian function and ART outcomes by measuring NAD+ levels in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations.
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Follicle Counting
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Serum AMH Levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Serum FSH Levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
ART outcomes assessed by the number of clinically viable embryos and clinical pregnancy rates
Timeframe: From embryo transfer to the 14-day post-transfer clinical observation period
Serum LH Levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Serum P Levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Serum E2 Levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Serum Testosterone levels
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
Antral Follicle Count Retrived
Timeframe: Immedietly after oocyte retrived
Oocytes Retrived
Timeframe: Immedietly after oocyte retrived
NAD+ Levels in PBMCs
Timeframe: At the time of the first medication administration and on days 2-3 of the menstrual cycle during the second month of medication
NAD+ Levels in GCs
Timeframe: Immedietly after oocyte retrived
Number of Day 3 embryos
Timeframe: Day 3 of Embryo Culture
Number of Day 3 top-quality embryos
Timeframe: Day 3 of Embryo Culture
Number of transferable embryos
Timeframe: Day 3 of Embryo Culture
Blastocyst Formation Rate
Timeframe: Day 6 of Embryo Culture