Mental health symptoms, including cognitive impairment ("brain fog"), following COVID-19 are of great concern to Veterans. This research seeks to advance understanding of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on neuropsychiatric and neurological functions, identifying clinically relevant biomarkers and directions for developing and testing therapeutic interventions. To accomplish these objectives the investigators are conducting a longitudinal study at two VA medical centers to: 1) assess and monitor cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in Veterans post-COVID; 2) evaluate biomarkers of inflammation and signaling pathways associated with viral infection and neuropsychiatric function; and 3) integrate neuropsychiatric and neurological findings with biological data to identify biomarkers and clinical endpoints associated with disease progression or severity, as well as those for promoting brain repair and attenuating those symptoms.
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Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Spatial Working Memory (SWM)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Months, 12-Months
Paired Associates Learning (PAL)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Stockings of Cambridge (SOC)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Delayed Matching Sample (DMS)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Month, 12-Month
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Genotyping
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Months, 12-Months
Long Covid Questionnaire
Timeframe: Baseline
Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning - Verbal Fluency (D-KEFS-VF)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6-Months, 12-Months