Between the Belly and the Brain: Distorted Gut-brain Crosstalk in Early-life Adversity

Inclusion Criteria: * Primary school-aged children (6 to 13 years of age) who have experienced at least one early-life traumatic event, based on the Childhood Trust Events Survey (CTES) questionnaire * The child and at least one of his/her parents (or guardian) speak Dutch sufficiently well to complete all of the questionnaires and the semi-structured child psychiatric interview (SCID-5-Junior) Exclusion Criteria: * any chronic disorders or diseases known to affect the gut micobiome * inablity to complete questionnaires and/or semi-structured interview because of linguistic and/or cognitive barrier * congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies * use of medication(s) that affect gastrointestinal function (e.g., antibiotics) within the last 6 weeks, or laxatives within the last 4 weeks, or probiotic or prebiotic supplements within the last 4 weeks * current involvement in another clinical or food study