Understanding Individual Variability in Neuronal Signal Transmission to Target Organs in Health and Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: at least 18 * BMI: 20 - 24.9 kg/m2 (for the healthy groups) or more than 28 kg/m2 (for the overweight groups) * For women: Hormonal contraception with a single-phase preparation (e.g. Nuvaring) * Understanding and voluntarily signing an informed consent form prior to study-related examinations Exclusion Criteria: * Drug and/or alcohol abuse * smoking * Taking medication that affects blood sugar or addresses the central and/or autonomic nervous system (e.g. anti-epileptic drugs, beta blockers, dopamine agonists, antidepressants). Taking antihistamines. * Pre-existing cardiac conditions * Neurological pre-existing conditions * Known cardiac arrhythmia * Known allergies to ingredients, e.g. paracetamol and atropine * Known narrow-angle glaucoma * Known hyperthyroidism * Known diseases of the urinary tract or prostate * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * At screening: Hb \< 12 g/dl for women and Hb \< 14 g/dl for men * No consent to be informed about incidentally discovered pathological findings * Any (clinical) condition which, in the opinion of the physician, could jeopardize the safety of the * or would jeopardize the scientific success. * Liver dysfunction * Renal insufficiency