The Effect of the Training Program Given to Permanent Colostomy Patients on Self-efficacy

Inclusion Criteria: * • Patients scheduled for permanent colostomy following colorectal surgery, * Aged 18 years and older, * Conscious, with orientation to person, time, and place, * Able to speak Turkish, * Without auditory or visual impairments, * Using a phone, were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria:• Patients who could not be contacted during the study period, or those who developed post-operative complications (such as stenosis, necrosis, ileus, dermatitis, parastomal herniation, etc.) were excluded from the sample.