Relationship Between Flexible Flat Foot and Lumbar Proprioception

Inclusion Criteria: * 60 subjects of both sexes (females and males) were selected and assigned into two groups * Patient's age range was between 17 to 30 years old. * Subjects with flexible flat foot posture according to the Navicular Drop Test by Brody method: a normal foot (between five and nine mm of navicular drop), pronated foot (more than 10 mm of navicular drop). * Patients will be willing and able to participate in assessment without cognitive impairments that would limit their participation Exclusion Criteria: The potential participation was excluded when they had one of the following criteria: * Repeated lower extremity injuries, such as fractures or deformities. * History of surgery to the lower extremity. * history of back surgery * rheumatologic disorders * spine infections * ankle fracture * lumbar fracture * spondylosis * lumbar disc bulge * spondylolisthesis