This RCT will include 34 patients requiring en-masse retraction of upper anterior teeth after maxillary first premolars extraction. Patients accepted into the study will be randomly assigned to one of two groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio: the electrically stimulated en-masse retraction group (ESER) and the conventional en-masse retraction group (CER). In both groups, the upper anterior teeth will be retracted en masse by applying 250 g of force on each side using closed nickel-titanium coil springs. Mini-implants will be used to provide the maximum anchorage. The outcomes of the study will be the external apical root resorption (EARR) and the periodontal status of the upper anterior teeth during the treatment stages.
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Change in external apical root resorption
Timeframe: The digital panoramic radiographs will be taken at: (T1) one day before treatment commencement, (T2) at the end of the levelling stage (expected to occur within 3 - 4 months), (T3) one day after the end of retraction (expected to occur within 6 months).