Peripheral Perfusion Index as an Early Predictor of Successful Caudal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominopelvic Surgeries Under General Anesthesia

Inclusion Criteria: * Pediatric patients aging between 1-5 years of both sexes. * Pediatric patients posted for elective lower abdominopelvic surgeries under general anesthesia (duration of surgery under 120 minutes). * ASA physical status classes I - II. Exclusion Criteria: * Guardian's refusal of procedure or participation in the study. * ASA classes III or above. * Infection at site of injection. * Neurological diseases and disorders such as (neuromuscular disease, cerebral palsy, spinal dysraphism …etc.) * Coagulopathy and bleeding disorders. * Hypersensitivity to the study medications. * Patients receiving vasoactive drugs or beta blockers. * Patients undergoing emergency surgery. * Patients in active clinical sepsis.