Central venous stenosis (CVS) is a common problem facing the hemodialysis patients planning to receive dialysis through arteriovenous fistula. The causes for Central venous stenosis are Subclavian and internal jugular catheters which is related mostly to the frequency and the duration of catheters placement. (5) Also, Smaller caliber central venous catheters (such as peripherally inserted central \[PICC\] and triple-lumen catheters) can also be associated with thrombus formation and Central venous stenosis over a short term.(6) Pacemakers can be a cause which is associated with a 50% prevalence of subclavian vein stenosis.(7) Subclavian catheter placement is a particularly high risk, with the development of subclavian vein stenosis in approximately 25%-50% of patients in various studies.(8,9) The problem now is there is a hemodialysis patient with exhausted options for AVF and a patent basilic vein but the patient has ipsilateral Central venous stenosis. In previous studies, when creating an AVF over central venous stenosis , the investigators preferred to create a Radiocephalic AVF or Brachiocephalic AVF if Radiocephalic AVF is not available. (10) our study proposing the 2 stage brachiobasilic fistula for patients otherwise have no other option for arteriovenous fistula. Staging the Brachiobasilic procedure will avoid larger incision with the need for general anesthesia until functioning fistula is ensured and central venous stenosis has been delt with.
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Procedural success of 1st stage Brachiobasilic fistula
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 2 year
Primary patency
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 2 year
Assisted primary patency
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 2 year