The purpose of the study is to test whether low level electric stimulation, called transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), on the part of the brain (i.e., pre-supplementary motor area) thought to aid in memory will improve verbal retrieval in civilian (non-military, non-veteran) participants with histories of traumatic brain injuries. The primary outcome measures are neuropsychological assessments of verbal retrieval, and the secondary measures are neuropsychological assessments of other cognitive abilities and electroencephalography (EEG) measures. Additionally, the study will examine the degree to which baseline assessments of cognition, concussion history, structural brain imaging, and EEG predict responses to treatment over time, both on assessments administered within the intervention period and at follow-up.
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The Controlled Oral Word Association Test
Timeframe: Treatment differences (active versus sham) in change from Baseline to immediately and 2-months Post-Treatment.
The Boston Naming Test
Timeframe: Treatment differences (active versus sham) in change from Baseline to immediately and 2-months Post-Treatment.
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and alternative lists
Timeframe: Treatment differences (active versus sham) in change from Baseline to immediately and 2-months Post-Treatment.
The Delis Kaplan Color Word Interference Test
Timeframe: Treatment differences (active versus sham) in change from Baseline to immediately and 2-months Post-Treatment.