Deep Sedation in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Inclusion Criteria: ● Patients diagnosed with AF (paroxysmal, persistent, or long-standing) at 18-75 years old who are eligible for the CA procedure Exclusion Criteria: * has received CA procedure for AF or atrial septal defect repair before enrollment * left atrial diameter (LAD) ≥55 mm or thrombosis in the left atrium; * eGFR\<30mL/min/1.73㎡ * a history of cerebrovascular disease within the last three months (including stroke and transient ischemic attack \[TIA\]) * acute or severe systemic infection * intolerant to sedation or with a history suggestive of sleep apnea * BMI \> 35 kg/㎡ * has contraindications to procedural sedation or refused to participate in this trial * Congenital heart disease, thyroid dysfunction, severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh classification B-C), severe coagulation dysfunction (international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.5 or partial activated prothrombin time (APTT) prolonged by ≥ 10 seconds, or plasma prothrombin time (PT) prolonged by ≥ 3 seconds, or fibrinogen (Fib) ≤ 1.5 g/L), or active bleeding * pregnant women, breastfeeding women or women who plan to become pregnant during the study period, those who have a positive pregnancy test result during the screening period * life expectancy \< 12 months * those who have participated in other clinical drug trials within 3 months prior to enrollment * those who are known to be allergic to any of the ingredients such as lidocaine, propofol, soybeans, peanuts, etc. * those who, in the judgment …