The Effect of a Music Intervention on Postictal Agitation in Electroconvulsive Therapy Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing ECT treatment for depression (including depression as part of bipolar disorder) * Adult patients (≥18 years) * Hypnotic agent used is etomidate * Sufficient understanding of the Dutch language (in judgement of the attending physician or researcher) * Written informed consent by patient or legal representative Exclusion Criteria: * Significant impaired hearing (defined as unable to communicate verbally or listen to music) * Severe neurological condition (defined as interfering with the ability to process music) * Patients receiving ECT for treatment of schizophrenic disorders