The study involves the recruitment of two populations. POPULATION 1 (surgical sample of excess venous segment): at least 75 consecutive patients, enrolled according to the inclusion criteria and subjected to first AVF surgery as part of the normal care pathway, at the Metropolitan Vascular Surgery Unit, Dir. Prof. Mauro Gargiulo of the S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital. POPULATION 2 (surgical sample of arterialized venous segment from removal of previous AVF): at least 75 consecutive patients, enrolled according to the inclusion criteria and subjected to reoperation for correction of complication and/or new AVF by proximalization, as part of the normal care pathway, at the Metropolitan Vascular Surgery Unit, Dir. Prof. Mauro Gargiulo of the S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital.
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Identify any predictive or favoring tissue markers of early stenosis in AVF for hemodialysis.
Timeframe: From the first patient entrolled, up to the 150th patient, an average of 6 years