There is an increasing body of evidence that human health is affected by environmental factors such as air quality, noise and light. This applies to both indoor and outdoor environments. While there have been several studies looking at homes, offices and work environments, hospital environments are still poorly characterised. Indoor hospital environments are complex, and patients with various health conditions can spend extended periods of time in wards. A number of studies have reported an association of air pollution exposure and a disturbance to sleep. A lack of sleep, or poor and disrupted sleep can impact health. Disturbed sleep therefore can impact a patient's recovery in hospital wards. In addition to the exposure to air pollutants, noise and light levels within the hospital environment can also have an impact on patient health. Inadequate, or a disrupted light and dark cycles can impact the circadian rhythm of the human body, responsible for the sleep cycle. In this study, the investigators aim to characterise these exposures and address the impact of these exposures on the patient sleep. Given the links between sleep and the environmental conditions.
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Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in selected hospital wards
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Comparisons of NO2 concentrations measured in selected hospital wards with published guidelines
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Concentrations of ozone (O3) in selected hospital wards
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) in selected hospital wards
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year, 11 months
Comparisons of PM2.5 concentrations measured in selected hospital wards with published guidelines
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Measurements of noise volume in selected hospital wards
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Comparisons of measured volume in selected hospital wards with published guidelines
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Measurements of noise frequency in selected hospital wards
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
The temperature in selected hospital wards will be measured.
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Light illuminance measured in selected wards
Timeframe: From the start of the data collection period to June 2026, an average of 1 year, 6 months
Total sleep time
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Sleep Onset Latency
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Sleep Efficiency (%)
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Wake after sleep onset
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Number of awakenings
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Number of naps
Timeframe: Up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Score on a Sleep Diary
Timeframe: Every morning for up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Sleep Diary
Timeframe: Every morning for up to 7 days from the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Sleep Diary
Timeframe: From the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Score on a Sleep Diary
Timeframe: From the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)
Sleep Diary- sleep at home
Timeframe: From the date of recruitment or until the participant moves ward or is discharged (whichever is first)