The goal of this observational study is to evaluate how thyroid lobe volume affects carotid artery blood flow dynamics in adult patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy. The study includes male and female participants aged 18 years and older who have euthyroid function and are scheduled for elective thyroidectomy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does thyroid lobe volume influence carotid artery blood flow characteristics, particularly systolic/diastolic flow time ratios, during thyroidectomy? * What is the optimal thyroid lobe volume cutoff for predicting altered systolic/diastolic flow time ratios (\<0.3)? Participants will: * Undergo Doppler ultrasound measurements at three time points: before anesthesia induction, after anesthesia induction, and after surgical positioning. * Have their carotid artery blood flow and regional cerebral oxygenation values assessed. No comparison groups are involved, as all participants will be observed under the same conditions.
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Change in Systolic/Diastolic Flow Time Ratio of the Common Carotid Artery
Timeframe: Measured at baseline (T0), post-anesthesia induction (T1), and post-surgical positioning (T2).
Thyroid Lobe Volume Cutoff for Altered Flow Dynamics
Timeframe: Post-hoc analysis using data from baseline (T0).