The study is a randomized controlled, prospective, double-blind trial planned to compare the effects of intermittent feeding methods using nasogastric and orogastric tubes on the growth, nutrition, and physiological parameters of preterm infants. The population of the study will consist of preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Istanbul between February and December 2025. The sample will include 60 preterm infants who meet the research criteria and whose parents agree to participate in the study. Through randomization, preterm infants will be assigned to either the nasogastric tube group (experimental) or the orogastric tube group (control) from their first enteral feeding until the transition to full oral feeding is completed. Data for preterm infants in both groups will be collected using the "Preterm Infant Information Form, Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool, and Nutrition Monitoring Form," which were developed by the researchers based on literature information and expert opinions. These data will encompass growth, nutrition, and physiological parameters before, during, and after feeding throughout the study. Hypotheses of the Study H0: There is no significant difference in the effects of intermittent feeding methods using nasogastric and orogastric tubes on growth, feeding complications, and physiological parameters in preterm infants. H1: There is a significant difference between intermittent feeding methods using nasogastric and orogastric tubes in preterm infants in terms of growth parameters (daily weight gain in grams, time to regain birth weight, time to transition to full enteral feeding, time to transition to full oral feeding, and Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool score). H1(1): Preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube have greater daily weight gain (grams) compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H1(2): The time to regain birth weight (days) in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is shorter compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H1(3): The time to transition to full enteral feeding (days) in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is shorter compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H1(4): The time to transition to full oral feeding (days) in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is shorter compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H1(5): The Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool score of preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is higher compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H2: There is a significant difference between intermittent feeding methods using nasogastric and orogastric tubes in preterm infants in terms of feeding complications (tube replacement, mucosal trauma, and feeding intolerance). H2(1): The frequency of tube replacement in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is lower compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H2(2): The incidence of mucosal trauma in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is lower compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H2(3): The incidence of feeding intolerance in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is lower compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H3: There is a significant difference between intermittent feeding methods using nasogastric and orogastric tubes in preterm infants in terms of physiological parameters (oxygen saturation, heart rate, and apnea). H3(1): The oxygen saturation levels during and after feeding in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube are higher compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H3(2): The heart rate during and after feeding in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is lower compared to those fed with an orogastric tube. H3(3): The incidence of apnea in preterm infants fed with a nasogastric tube is lower compared to those fed with an orogastric tube.
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Time to transition to full enteral feeding
Timeframe: From the infant's birth until the time they achieve full enteral feeding.Time frame is through study completion, an average of 8 months.
Time to transition to full oral feeding
Timeframe: From the infant's birth until the time they achieve full oral feeding.Time frame is through study completion, an average of 8 months.
Time to regain birth weight
Timeframe: The number of days it takes for them to recover the weight they lost after birth.Time frame is through study completion, an average of 8 months.
Daily weight gain
Timeframe: It will be measured every day throughout the research. Time frame is through study completion, an average of 8 months.
Early Feeding Skills Assessment Tool score
Timeframe: It will be evaluated every day throughout the research.Time frame is through study completion, an average of 8 months.