Comparative Efficacy of Buprenorphine Transdermal Patch Versus Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia for Shoulder Arthroscopy

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 65 years. * Patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroscopy. * Classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I or II. * Able to provide informed consent. * Willing to comply with study protocols and follow-up assessments Exclusion Criteria: * Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Buprenorphine, Tramadol, or any related compounds. * History of substance abuse, opioid dependency, or chronic pain requiring ongoing analgesic therapy. * Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. * Presence of severe hepatic, renal, or respiratory disease. * Any psychiatric or neurological condition that might interfere with pain perception or reporting (e.g., dementia, severe anxiety). * Participation in another clinical trial within the last 30 days. * Inability to apply or tolerate a transdermal patch (e.g., due to skin disorders or sensitivities). * Contraindications to interscalene brachial plexus block, such as infection at the site, coagulopathy, or pre-existing neuropathy in the upper limb.