Resin-Cement Type Influence on Cement Remnants in Implant-Supported Restorations

Inclusion Criteria: * physical and psychological ability to undergo implant therapy (ASA I or II) * presence of a single mandibular molar indicated for extraction with adjacent healthy and present natural teeth or implant-supported restoration * presence of ≥ 6 mm width and ≥ 10 mm height native bone ridge - presence of intact alveolar bone walls after tooth extraction and presence of interradicular bone \> 4 mm to achieve primary implant stability * presence of ≥ 1.5 mm distance to adjacent teeth at the bone level * overall healthy, non-inflamed keratinized soft tissues. Exclusion Criteria: Presence of general conditions contributory to dental implant treatment comprising but not limited to: * presence of active periodontitis 25 * poor oral hygiene as determined by the Oral Health Index (OHI) * pregnant or lactating * presence of uncontrolled medical systemic conditions, e.g. diabetes; * ongoing or past medical treatments affecting wound healing, terminated less than 3 months prior to the study-related intervention