Side Effects of Different Treatment Methods

Inclusion Criteria: * patients treated with fixed braces or clear aligners * patients with mild to moderate crowding * patients without root canal treatment or resorption in anterior teeth * patients with completed root development * patients with good periodontal health at the beginning of the treatment * patients with no congenitally missing or impacted tooth. Exclusion Criteria: * history of orthodontic therapy * poor patient compliance * presence of any craniofacial syndrome or systemic disease * presence of cleft lip and palate * trauma history * mental retardation * use of oral antiseptic solutions during orthodontic treatment * need for scaling and root planning during treatment * clear aligner patients with delayed movement of the anterior teeth.