The objective of this randomised controlled trial is to examine the acute effects of two novel light intensity exercise (sit-cycling and stand-twisting) on prefrontal cortical blood oxygenation, executive functioning, sleepiness and back pain among inactive university students. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the changes in oxygenated haemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) levels in the prefrontal cortex from baseline to immediately after and 20 minutes after a 5-min bout of S-C and S-T compared to sitting for the same duration? * What are the changes in executive functioning, specifically, n-back test and Word Colour Stroop test performance from baseline to immediately after and 20 minutes after a bout of S-C and S-T compared to sitting for the same duration? * How does participants' self-rated daytime sleepiness and back pain after a bout of S-C and S-T compare to sitting for the same duration? Participants will: * Perform sit-cycling or stand-twisting for 5 mins (experimental condition) and sit for 5 mins (control condition) * Wear the functional near-infrared spectroscopy cap on their head throughout the measurements * Complete 1-back, 2-back test and Word Colour Stroop before, immediately after and 20 minutes after experimental/ control condition * Have their blood pressure, heart rate taken by a smartwatch * Complete a daytime sleepiness questionnaire and a back pain questionnaire
Age range
21 Years – 30 Years
Sex
ALL
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1-back test accuracy (%)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
1-back test reaction time (ms)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
2-back test accuracy (%)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
2-back test reaction time (ms)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
Colour Word Stroop test accuracy (congruent) (%)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
Colour Word Stroop test accuracy (incongruent) (%)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
Colour Word Stroop test reaction time (congruent) (ms)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
Colour Word Stroop test reaction time (incongruent) (ms)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
pre-frontal cortical oxygenated hemoglobin levels (micrometre)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)
pre-frontal cortical deoxygenated hemoglobin levels (micrometre)
Timeframe: Pretest, post-test 1 (immediately after experimental condition) and post-test 2 (after post-test 1)