A Comparison of Direct 3D Printed Clear Aligner System and Indirect Clear Aligner Systems With Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Terms of Endocrine Disrupting Monomer Release, Treatment Effectiveness and Efficiency

Inclusion Criteria: * Absence of primary teeth in the oral cavity, with permanent teeth fully erupted, * Presence of a non-extraction orthodontic treatment plan, * Age range of 15 to 24 years, * Presence of mild to moderate dental crowding (0-6 mm of crowding), * Classification as skeletal Class I (ANB: 2±2°), * Absence of any craniofacial anomalies, * Normal vertical growth pattern (Sn-GoGn: 32±6°), * No congenital tooth agenesis (excluding third molars), * Absence of atypical tooth morphology, * No extracted permanent teeth, * Absence of dental caries, * Good level of oral hygiene, * Healthy periodontal tissues. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of any systemic disease, * History of previous fixed orthodontic treatment, * History of allergy to any dental material, * Use of medications containing estrogen analogs, * Patients with a history of xerostomia and a salivary flow rate of less than 0.1 ml per minute, * Patients with more than five composite restorations.