Irrigation Activating Techniques on Irrigant Penetration Depth and Microbial Reduction

Inclusion Criteria: * • Asymptomatic vital/non vital teeth requiring root canal treatment. * Teeth with sound periodontal apparatus. * Teeth without pus or inflammatory exudates draining through the canal. * Teeth without anatomic variations. * Teeth with sinus tract. Exclusion Criteria: * • Patients with any systemic diseases. * Pregnant or lactating patients. * Immunocompromised patients. * Apparently thin roots in which apical preparation with #40 or #50 file would be overzealous. * Patient allergic to anything used in this procedure especially rubber dam material and Iohexol (radiographic contrast media). Retreatment cases. Teeth with calcified canals.