Exogenous KETOne Supplements in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure

Exclusion criteria

• ✕. Current hospitalization for AHF triggered by significant arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/flutter with sustained ventricular response \>110 beats per minute, clinically significant bradycardia, or sustained ventricular tachycardia)
• ✕. Cardiogenic shock in INTERMACS level 1 or 2 (i.e. unstable hemodynamics despite inotropic/vasopressor therapy)
• ✕. Likelihood or current use of mechanical circulatory support
• ✕. Recent cardiac surgery within 3 days
• ✕. Ongoing severe infection or sepsis, severe anemia, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, or cerebrovascular accident
• ✕. Significant primary valvular disease (hemodynamically severe uncorrected primary cardiac valvular disease)
• ✕. Planned implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy device
• ✕. eGFR \<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 during current hospitalization (unless ongoing continuous renal replacement therapy) or recurring dialysis