Multivariate Analysis and Risk Factors Were Used to Predict the Short-term Postoperative Pain of Degenerative Lumbar Spine

Inclusion criteria

• ✓. confirmed diagnosis of lumbar degenerative disease (spinal stenosis, disc herniation with lumbar instability, and lumbar spondylolisthesis), with no significant symptomatic relief after conservative treatment for more than 3 months, and in need of surgical intervention;
• ✓. lumbar spinal fusion surgical treatment with PLIF;
• ✓. grouping based on the presence or absence of a lumbar or limb pain with VAS ≥3 at the 3th month postoperative follow-up;
• ✓. observational indicators including individual factors, surgical factors, spine-pelvis sagittal balance parameters, and paravertebral muscle parameters.