Intravenous Metoprolol in Septic Shock

Inclusion Criteria: * The study population included adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with septic shock secondary to VAP with sinus tachycardia, from April 1, 2022, to April 31, 2023. Septic shock was defined according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). VAP was identified as per the guidelines provided by the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients were excluded if they had contraindications to beta-blockers, had a history of heart failure, or had been receiving beta-blockers prior to the septic shock. Patients were also excluded if they developed complications from beta- blockers administration.