The Development of Stuttering in Young Children

Inclusion Criteria for controls: * English as first/primary language * No history of neurological disease * Normal or corrected visual acuity * No medications expected to affect performance * No intellectual impairment, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD * Age-appropriate scores on speech and language assessment battery * Pass hearing screening at 20 dB at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000, bilaterally Inclusion Criteria for children who stutter: * English as first/primary language * No history of neurological disease * Normal or corrected visual acuity * No medications expected to affect performance * No intellectual impairment or ASD Scores on speech and language assessments indicating stuttering, phonological (speech sound), or language disorders * Pass hearing screening at 20 dB at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000, bilaterally