The Effect of Different Treatment Methods on the Apical Closure and Treatment Success in Permanent First Molars

Inclusion Criteria: * Ages ranging from 7 to 10 years. * Systemically healthy individuals. * Have symptomatic reversible pulpitis characterized by pain that starts spontaneously and does not subside for a long time but does not include throbbing or night pain. * Patients with permanent mandibular molars exhibiting open root tips, classified as Moorrees stages R½, R¾, Rc, or A½. Exclusion Criteria: * Children with systemic diseases. * Presence of signs indicative of pulp necrosis, such as fistula or swelling in the buccal/lingual region. * Tenderness upon palpation in the buccal/lingual region. * Pain upon percussion. * Presence of interradicular or periradicular radiolucency on radiographic examination. * Evidence of internal or external root resorption. * Widening of the periodontal space. * Teeth with caries or molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) that result in excessive material loss potentially leading to restoration failure. * Patients with inflammation and hyperemia in the root pulp. * Permanent mandibular molar teeth with closed or nearly closed root ends, classified as Moorrees stage Ac.