Oral Liposomal Iron Versus Injectable Iron Sucrose for Anemia Treatment in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Inclusion criteria for the study are age \>18 years, eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation: MDRD), Hb levels ≤12 g/dL, ferritin levels ≤100 ng/mL, transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≤25%, parathormone (PTH) serum levels between 30 and 300 pg/mL. Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criteria included presence of an inflammatory or infectious disease with a C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥6 mg/L at the beginning of the study ,surgical interventions in the last 3 months, hematological disorders including bleeding or blood transfusions in the last 6 months, malignancies, ongoing treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, severe malnutrition (BMI\<20Kg/m² ; Albuminemia \<32 g/L with normal values of C-reactive protein (CRP); Decrease in weight \>5% in 1 month or \>7.5% in 3 months), history of major CVD (Myocardial Infarction, Chronic Heart Failure, Stroke), chronic alcohol abuse, known hepatitis B or C infection, pregnant or lactating women, and need to start dialysis. Withdrawal from the study occurs in the case of severe anemia needing an urgent blood transfusion or non-adherence and withdrawal of consent.