Efficacy of TEAS on Postoperative Pain and Recovery in Patients Undergoing Pancreatectomy

Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-80 years old; ASA physical status class I - III; Patients scheduled for pancreatectomy. Exclusion Criteria: Have a history of epilepsy; Rash or local infection over the acupoint stimulation skin area; Pregnancy or breastfeeding; Mental retardation, psychiatric, or neurological disease; Inability to comprehend the numeric rating scale (NRS); Implantation of a cardiac pacemaker, cardioverter, or defibrillator; Chronic opioid use; Metastases in other organs; Have a history of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Stimulation (TEAS) or electroacupuncture treatment in the past or recently；